{"id":1761,"date":"2022-11-08T20:18:24","date_gmt":"2022-11-08T19:18:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/?p=1761"},"modified":"2022-11-08T20:58:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-08T19:58:34","slug":"process-satellite-imagery-from-landsat-or-sentinel-2-with-qgis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/en\/1761\/process-satellite-imagery-from-landsat-or-sentinel-2-with-qgis\/","title":{"rendered":"Process satellite imagery from Landsat or Sentinel 2 with QGIS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>If you know my <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/?p=1531&amp;lang=en\" target=\"_blank\">#WarTraces<\/a> post, you&#8217;ll see that I use satellite imagery from the European Space Agency. Today I&#8217;ll show how to download and manipulate these images from mission <strong>Sentinel 2<\/strong>, as well as <strong>Landsat<\/strong>, being very similar to do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I&#8217;ll do it in <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/qgis.org\" target=\"_blank\">QGIS<\/a>, so you need to download this software with the GRASS GIS module included.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"menu\" style=\"padding:20px 20px 20px 20px; border-left:2px solid darkgrey;\">\n<p style=\"font-weight:bold;\">Content<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<script>\nvar text;\nvar element;\n\nfunction fillmenu(){\n\nfor (let i=0; i<window.document.getElementsByTagName(\"h2\").length; i++){\nelement = window.document.getElementsByTagName(\"h2\")[i];\ntext = \"\u25b9 \"+element.innerHTML;\nvar newelement = document.createElement(\"a\");\nnewelement.innerHTML=text;\nvar postid=window.document.getElementsByTagName(\"article\")[0].id;\nvar url = \"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/?p=\"+postid.substr(5,postid.length)+\"#\"+element.id;\nnewelement.setAttribute(\"href\", url);\nnewelement.appendChild(document.createElement(\"br\"));\nwindow.document.getElementById(\"menu\").appendChild(newelement);\nconsole.log(text);\n}\n}\nif(window.location.href.includes(\"tag\")){\n\n}else{\nwindow.setTimeout(fillmenu,2000);\n}\n\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sign-up\">Sign up in platforms.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You need to create an account to access both data sources, just filling a form and confirming via email.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Copernicus Open Access Hub<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scihub.copernicus.eu\/dhus\/#\/self-registration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/scihub.copernicus.eu\/dhus\/#\/self-registration<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">NASA Earthdata Search<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/urs.earthdata.nasa.gov\/users\/new\">https:\/\/urs.earthdata.nasa.gov\/users\/new<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"download\">Download data.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let's make a difference according to the access platform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Copernicus Open Access Hub<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Access the viewer and log in with the new credentials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/scihub.copernicus.eu\/dhus\/#\/self-registration\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/scihub.copernicus.eu\/dhus\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, draw a <strong>delimiting polygon<\/strong> of the area of interest. Every corner is set with right click, and the polygon is closed with double right click.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat1.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat1-1024x860.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1733\" width=\"512\" height=\"430\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat1-1024x860.png 1024w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat1-300x252.png 300w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat1-768x645.png 768w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat1-676x567.png 676w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat1.png 1071w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Next, click the <strong>filter<\/strong> icon in the search bar and tick the box for mission <strong>Sentinel-2<\/strong> (you can also set dates, but it will be sorted from recent to old by default).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat2.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat2-1024x862.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1734\" width=\"512\" height=\"431\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat2-1024x862.png 1024w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat2-300x253.png 300w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat2-768x646.png 768w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat2-676x569.png 676w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat2.png 1074w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Finally, all available products will appear, so you can preview or <strong>download<\/strong> in a compressed .zip file.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat3.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat3-1024x855.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1735\" width=\"512\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat3-1024x855.png 1024w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat3-300x251.png 300w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat3-768x641.png 768w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat3-676x565.png 676w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat3.png 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">NASA Earthdata Search<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Like before, log in on the viewer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/search.earthdata.nasa.gov\/search\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/search.earthdata.nasa.gov\/search<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Define an <strong>area of interest<\/strong> using the geometry tools in the lateral bar.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat10.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat10-1024x477.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1736\" width=\"768\" height=\"358\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat10-1024x477.png 1024w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat10-300x140.png 300w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat10-768x358.png 768w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat10-1536x715.png 1536w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat10-676x315.png 676w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat10.png 1905w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Filter<\/strong> the products, for example selecting \"Imagery\". Then select the <strong>HLS Landsat<\/strong> dataset in the catalogue.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat11.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1737\" width=\"461\" height=\"462\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat11.png 922w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat11-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat11-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat11-768x769.png 768w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat11-676x677.png 676w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>In this case, we need to download each band separately, which we'll see next.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat12.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat12-1024x500.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1738\" width=\"768\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat12-1024x500.png 1024w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat12-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat12-768x375.png 768w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat12-1536x751.png 1536w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat12-676x330.png 676w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat12.png 1909w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"TCI\">TCI image (true colour)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Simplifying (a lot), satellites capture images in different wave longitude ranges, called <strong>bands<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, digital images or pictures that we use to represent reality seen by the naked eye use to be defined in <strong>three layers<\/strong>: one for color <strong>R<\/strong>ed, another for color <strong>G<\/strong>reen, and another one for <strong>B<\/strong>lue, defining in each of these layers one value for every pixel with the amount of this color. The combination of all pixels is what simulates an image similar to reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"border-left:3px solid orange;padding-left:5px;font-size:14px;\"><i><b>TIP! <\/b>Do the test and <b>zoom in<\/b> a lot in any picture and see the mosaic of pixels that make it up.<\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lets use the bands captured by satellites in the <strong>visible wave range<\/strong> to generate an image as if we saw it from space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sentinel 2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>In the case of Sentinel 2, we can show a true color image directly downloading the product <strong>L1C<\/strong> and using the layer <strong>_TCI.jp2<\/strong> located in <code>\/GRANULE\/DATASET_CODE_NAME\/IMG_DATA\/<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>TCI<\/strong> image will show like this:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat15.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat15-1024x757.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1743\" width=\"768\" height=\"395\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Deir ez Zor, Syria, 22\/10\/2017. TCI. Source: <strong>Copernicus Sentinel 2<\/strong>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Landsat<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"border-left:3px solid orange;padding-left:5px;font-size:14px;\"><i><b>TIP! <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/landsat-8-bands-combinations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/landsat-8-bands-combinations\/<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Landsat, we need to <strong>combine<\/strong> the different bands captured individually by the satellite in the visible wave range. These are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">RED<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">B04<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">GREEN<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">B03<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">BLUE<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">B02<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Now in <strong>QGIS<\/strong>, we'll use function <code>i.group<\/code> from GRASS module which combines the selected layers in a multiband Red, Green, Blue layer.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat9.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat9-1024x520.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1742\" width=\"768\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat9-1024x520.png 1024w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat9-300x152.png 300w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat9-768x390.png 768w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat9-1536x779.png 1536w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat9-676x343.png 676w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat9.png 1754w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>To make it easier, I rename the layers like this, to make sure the script reads them properly:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1741\" width=\"348\" height=\"88\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat14.png 348w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat14-300x76.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 348px) 100vw, 348px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Looking like this:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat16-1024x724.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1744\" width=\"768\" height=\"543\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat16-1024x724.png 1024w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat16-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat16-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat16-676x478.png 676w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat16.png 1307w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>In this case it's nothing similar to the previous image or reality, so we'll adjust the <strong>properties<\/strong> to extract more color from the data:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First, let's make sure we use all the data reading <strong>real max\/min values<\/strong> rather than estimated.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat17.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat17.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1745\" width=\"741\" height=\"629\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat17.png 988w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat17-300x254.png 300w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat17-768x651.png 768w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat17-676x573.png 676w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 741px) 100vw, 741px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The image already looks better, but missing some brightness and color.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat18.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat18-1024x701.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1746\" width=\"768\" height=\"526\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat18-1024x701.png 1024w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat18-300x205.png 300w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat18-768x526.png 768w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat18-676x463.png 676w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat18.png 1323w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>So let's adjust <strong>Color Rendering<\/strong> parameters:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat19.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat19.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1747\" width=\"741\" height=\"386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat19.png 988w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat19-300x156.png 300w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat19-768x400.png 768w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat19-676x352.png 676w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 741px) 100vw, 741px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>And it now looks more realistic:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat20.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat20-1024x690.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1748\" width=\"768\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat20-1024x690.png 1024w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat20-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat20-768x517.png 768w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat20-676x455.png 676w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat20.png 1323w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Deir ez Zor, Siria, 21\/10\/2017. TCI. Source: <strong>Landsat<\/strong>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"SWIR\">SWIR (short wave infra-red)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Using bands in infra-red wave length, we can see further more than with the naked eye, or even across certain objects like some clouds or smoke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During summer wildfires, I saw how <strong>Copernicus<\/strong> used these images to trace the extent of fires, and I thought they could be used to locate bomb impacts under the smoke they produce. That's how this ended in <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/?p=1543\" target=\"_blank\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/?p=1531&amp;lang=en\" target=\"_blank\">#WarTraces<\/a><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sentinel 2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Using the process above, now we combine the following bands:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>RED<\/td><td>B12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GREEN<\/td><td>B8A<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BLUE<\/td><td>B04<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat22.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1750\" width=\"762\" height=\"662\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat22.png 1016w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat22-300x261.png 300w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat22-768x667.png 768w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat22-676x588.png 676w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 762px) 100vw, 762px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Deir ez Zor, Syria, 22\/10\/2017. SWIR. Source: <strong>Copernicus Sentinel 2<\/strong>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Landsat<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Make a new combination of these bands:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>RED<\/td><td>B07<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GREEN<\/td><td>B06<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BLUE<\/td><td>B04<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat21.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat21-1024x858.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1749\" width=\"768\" height=\"644\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat21-1024x858.png 1024w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat21-300x251.png 300w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat21-768x643.png 768w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat21-676x566.png 676w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat21.png 1042w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Deir ez Zor, Syria, 21\/10\/2017. SWIR. Source: <strong>Landsat<\/strong>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As a final note, it's important to highlight the <strong>pixel size<\/strong>, as it will affect image detail (<strong>resolution<\/strong>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sentinel 2: 10 meters.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Landsat: 30 meters.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>On the other hand, Landsat provides images since <strong>2013<\/strong>, while Sentinel only provides data from <strong>2015<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, you can <strong>preview<\/strong> all these layers and combinations in online viewers like <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/apps.sentinel-hub.com\/eo-browser\/?zoom=13&amp;lat=50.59642&amp;lng=30.21395&amp;themeId=DEFAULT-THEME&amp;visualizationUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fservices.sentinel-hub.com%2Fogc%2Fwms%2Fbd86bcc0-f318-402b-a145-015f85b9427e&amp;datasetId=S2L2A&amp;fromTime=2022-02-26T00%3A00%3A00.000Z&amp;toTime=2022-02-26T23%3A59%3A59.999Z&amp;layerId=6-SWIR&amp;demSource3D=%22MAPZEN%22\" target=\"_blank\">EO Browser by Sentinel Hub<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat23.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat23-1024x759.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1753\" width=\"768\" height=\"569\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat23-1024x759.png 1024w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat23-300x222.png 300w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat23-768x569.png 768w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat23-676x501.png 676w, https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sat23.png 1267w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Bombings in Antonov International Airport, Kyiv, Ukraine, 26\/2\/2022 using EO Browser.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>If you get stuck or want to comment, let me know on \ud83d\udc26 Twitter!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc26 <code><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/roamingworkshop\" target=\"_blank\">@RoamingWorkshop<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you know my #WarTraces post, you&#8217;ll see that I use satellite imagery from the European Space Agency. Today I&#8217;ll show how to download and manipulate these images from mission Sentinel 2, as well as Landsat, being very similar to do. I&#8217;ll do it in QGIS, so you need to download this software with the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1753,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1761","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-map-en","post-preview"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1761","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1761"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1761\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1770,"href":"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1761\/revisions\/1770"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1753"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1761"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1761"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theroamingworkshop.cloud\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1761"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}